Which finding suggests a client might be experiencing major depressive disorder rather than an expected grief response?

The indication that a client may be experiencing major depressive disorder, rather than an expected grief response, is best captured by the presence of decreased self-esteem linked to feelings of worthlessness. In the context of major depressive disorder, individuals often grapple with pervasive negative thoughts about themselves, feeling that they are unworthy or inadequate. This intense self-criticism and the belief that they are of no value can significantly affect their overall functioning and sense of identity.

In contrast, while feelings of sadness and loss are common in both grief and depression, typical grief responses might include periods of emotional pain, but they tend to fluctuate and are often accompanied by positive memories of the deceased and moments of joy. Grief responses typically do not result in persistent feelings of worthlessness, which is a hallmark of major depressive disorder.

The other options may be present in both grief and depression but are not as clearly indicative of major depressive disorder. Difficulty recalling memories might simply be a part of the grieving process and emotional numbness might reflect a normal, albeit prolonged, response to loss. The inability to engage in favorite activities could also be seen in grief but, unlike the feelings of worthlessness, does not inherently suggest the depressive cognitive schemas often associated with major depressive disorder. Thus, the presence